{"id":21358,"date":"2020-10-08T09:41:01","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T09:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/?p=21358"},"modified":"2020-10-08T09:47:39","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T09:47:39","slug":"le-prix-nobel-de-chimie-attribue-a-la-francaise-emmanuelle-charpentier-et-a-lamericaine-jennifer-doudna-pour-avoir-developpe-une-methode-dedition-des-genes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/?p=21358","title":{"rendered":"Le prix Nobel de chimie  attribu\u00e9  \u00e0 la Fran\u00e7aise Emmanuelle Charpentier et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna pour avoir d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une \u00a0\u00bb M\u00e9thode d&rsquo;Edition des G\u00e8nes\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Le prix Nobel de chimie a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 \u00a0hier mercredi07 octobre 2020, \u00a0\u00e0 la Fran\u00e7aise Emmanuelle Charpentier et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna, deux g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiennes qui ont mis au point des \u00abciseaux mol\u00e9culaires\u00bb capables de modifier les g\u00e8nes humains, une perc\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le \u00a0jury \u00e0 Stockholm en annon\u00e7ant a soulign\u00e9 \u00a0que la \u00a0r\u00e9compense leur est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e pour \u00able d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;une m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;\u00e9dition des g\u00e8nes\u00bb, avec \u00abun outil pour r\u00e9\u00e9crire le code de la vie\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette d\u00e9couverte, les scientifiques pourront modifier des portions de g\u00e8nes chez les animaux, les plantes et les microorganismes avec \u00abune tr\u00e8s grande pr\u00e9cision\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Cette technologie pourrait aussi servir \u00e0 soigner les maladies h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires. Des essais cliniques sont \u00e9galement en cours pour trouver de nouvelles th\u00e9rapies contre le cancer gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette d\u00e9couverte.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est en 2012 que les deux chercheuses ont mis au point ces \u00abciseaux mol\u00e9culaires\u00bb, qu\u2019elles ont nomm\u00e9 \u00abCRISPR\/Cas9\u00bb. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces ciseaux, il est possible de couper l\u2019ADN \u00e0 un endroit pr\u00e9cis, o\u00f9 un g\u00e8ne est d\u00e9faillant, pour y ins\u00e9rer \u00e0 la place un nouveau g\u00e8ne qui fonctionne mieux. Ils sont depuis largement utilis\u00e9s par la communaut\u00e9 scientifique, car sont simples d\u2019utilisation et peu co\u00fbteux.<\/p>\n<p>Emmanuelle Charpentier et Jennifer Doudna deviennent ainsi les sixi\u00e8me et septi\u00e8me femmes \u00e0 remporter ce prix depuis 1901 l\u2019ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 le premier prix Nobel de cette cat\u00e9gorie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cern\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La Fran\u00e7aise Emmanuelle Charpentier a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 <strong><em>\u00abMon souhait est de donner un message positif aux jeunes filles qui voudraient suivre le chemin de la science, et ainsi leur montrer que les femmes peuvent aussi avec un impact sur la science gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leurs recherches\u00bb.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation en 1951, seule une cinquantaine de femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9compens\u00e9es, ce qui repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 peine 5% des nob\u00e9lis\u00e9s. Les deux chercheurs de 51 et 56 ans ont toutefois obtenu d\u2019autres r\u00e9compenses pour leurs d\u00e9couvertes, notamment le Breakthrough Prize et le prix scientifique de la Princesse des Asturies en 2015.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le prix Nobel de chimie a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 \u00a0hier mercredi07 octobre 2020, \u00a0\u00e0 la Fran\u00e7aise Emmanuelle Charpentier et \u00e0 l'Am\u00e9ricaine Jennifer Doudna, deux g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiennes qui ont mis au point des \u00abciseaux mol\u00e9culaires\u00bb capables de modifier les g\u00e8nes humains, une perc\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire. Le \u00a0jury \u00e0 Stockholm en annon\u00e7ant a soulign\u00e9 \u00a0que la \u00a0r\u00e9compense leur est d\u00e9cern\u00e9e [...]","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[5606,5607,5605],"class_list":["post-21358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","tag-emmanuelle-charpentier","tag-jennifer-doudna","tag-prix-nobel-de-chimie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21358"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21358\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21362,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21358\/revisions\/21362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}