Une sanglante guerre civile<\/strong><\/p>\n Les premiers mouvements nationalistes apparaissent dans les ann\u00e9es 1920. Pendant les quatre prochaines d\u00e9cennies, la lutte contre la domination coloniale ne\u00a0cesse\u00a0de prendre de l\u2019ampleur. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, des conflits interethniques \u00e9clatent. Depuis des ann\u00e9es d\u00e9j\u00e0, des tensions existaient entre les Hausa dans le nord et les Igbos dans l\u2019est.<\/p>\n En septembre 1966, plus d\u2019un millier de personnes sont tu\u00e9es\u00a0dans le nord, surtout des Igbos. Leur chef s\u2019appelait\u00a0Emeka Ojukwu.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u00a0Si une guerre civile \u00e9clate, et je pense qu\u2019elle sera imminente, ce sera en effet le prix \u00e0 payer pour notre libert\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, avait-il alors affirm\u00e9. En mai 1967, il d\u00e9clare l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la R\u00e9publique du Biafra dans l\u2019est. La guerre civile d\u00e9bute en juillet.<\/p>\n Ojukwu et ses troupes font face \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e et au dirigeant nig\u00e9rian Yakubu Gowon. La guerre\u00a0du Biafra dure jusqu\u2019en 1970. Pr\u00e8s de 2 millions de personnes perdent la vie, la plupart de faim ou de maladie.<\/p>\n Pour la premi\u00e8re fois en Occident, les journaux t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9s montrent des enfants africains victimes de la famine. C\u2019est apr\u00e8s avoir v\u00e9cu ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements qu\u2019un groupe d\u2019humanitaires d\u00e9cide de fonder la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre ONG\u00a0M\u00e9decins sans fronti\u00e8res. Cinquante ans plus tard, la guerre du Biafra reste le conflit le plus sanglant de l\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente du Nigeria.<\/p>\n Par Marwen BALAAZI<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Le 1er octobre 1960, le Nigeria obtenait son ind\u00e9pendance. Il est aujourd\u2019hui, avec l\u2019Afrique du Sud, le g\u00e9ant \u00e9conomique du continent africain. Le Nigeria, le pays le plus peupl\u00e9 d\u2019Afrique, est devenu\u00a0ind\u00e9pendant du Royaume-Uni\u00a0le 1er\u00a0octobre 1960. Les\u00a0colons britanniques \u00e9taient arriv\u00e9s dans cette r\u00e9gion\u00a0dans les ann\u00e9es 1850.\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9ducation occidentale enseign\u00e9e par les missionnaires chr\u00e9tiens\u00a0rencontre alors une forte [...]","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_review":[],"enable_review":"","type":"","name":"","summary":"","brand":"","sku":"","good":[],"bad":[],"score_override":"","override_value":"","rating":[],"price":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[5015,5534,5535,320],"class_list":["post-21084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","tag-histoire","tag-independance","tag-lex-colonie-britannique","tag-nigeria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21086,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21084\/revisions\/21086"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africanchallenges.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}